Polycystosis is treated medically and surgically

Polycystosis is treated medically and surgically
Polycystosis is treated medically and surgically
Anonim

The most common forms of this disease are of the kidneys and ovaries.

Kidney polycystic disease is a hereditary disease in which multiple cysts of different sizes are found in both kidneys. Between the cysts there are areas of preserved kidney tissue. The mechanism of development of the cyst is not clarified. It is assumed that during the period of embryonic development many of the glomerular tubules are formed defectively, the accumulated primary urine expands them and cysts appear.

The disease manifests itself gradually. Growing cysts press on he althy kidney tissue and damage it. The kidneys are enlarged and can be felt through the abdominal wall. Usually, the disease manifests itself at the age of 35-45 with dull lumbar pain, less often with the appearance of blood in the urine, presence of kidney stones. In case of purulent infection, a febrile state with an increase in body temperature is established. Kidney failure gradually develops. The disease is often combined with cystosis of other organs - liver, lungs, pancreas, ovaries.

There is no specific treatment. In advanced renal failure, dialysis treatment is applied. Antihypertensive drugs are used to control hypertension. A kidney transplant is performed as indicated and in appropriate cases. The forecast is serious.

A single cyst filled with clear fluid, blood or fat can also form in the kidney. When the cyst grows, it causes lumbar pain. The cyst sometimes suppurates or disturbs the renal circulation. The treatment consists in its surgical removal. According to the indication, in some cases an evacuation puncture of the cyst is undertaken. The prognosis of solitary renal cyst is good.

The main pathogenic factor of polycystic ovary is the increased production of male sex hormones (androgens), which are normally in minimal amounts. Most often, their increase is due to the increased production of ovarian hormones, but they can also be produced by the adrenal gland. Disturbances occur in the normal hormonal production of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

The high level of male sex hormones interferes with the normal maturation of ovarian follicles, as a result of which they do not mature and release mature eggs. The end effect is the onset of sterility. The ovaries enlarge, numerous cystically enlarged follicles are formed in them, and at a later stage, sclerotic changes are also established. Sick women complain of disturbances in the menstrual cycle. It is prolonged or the amount of bleeding is small.

The increased amount of androgens leads to an increase in hair growth. About 30 percent of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome are obese. Patients are irritable, emotionally unstable, complain of headaches and disturbed sleep.

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